
The mother and father met and married in Australia. The mother was a British national and the father an Australian national. Their two children were

The father is a United States national, the mother a Japanese national. They met in Japan while the father was serving for a United States

The parents married in June 1993 and have four children. The current application concerns two of the children, twins, aged 7. The family lived in

Grave Risk – Art. 13(1)(b) Firstly, the mother contended that the father was exercising violence, creating a grave risk of harm to her life and

Shortly after the birth of the child in Switzerland, the unmarried parents moved to Spain, where they lived in a shared household for several years.

The mother and father never married but lived together for 8 years. The mother has four children, born in 2002, 2009, 2011 and 2014. The

The Applicant father and the Respondent mother had a daughter together, born on 22 February 2014. They lived together with the child and an older

Habitual Residence – Art. 3 The Appellate Court (Tribunal de Apelaci?n de la Ni?ez y la Adolescencia) ruled that the habitual residence of the child,