Holder v. Holder, 392 F.3d 1009 (9th Cir 2004)
Appeal dismissed and return application dismissed; the retention was not wrongful as the children never acquired a habitual residence in Germany.
Ruiz v. Tenorio, 392 F.3d 1247 (11th Cir. 2004)
Appeal dismissed and application dismissed; the Convention was not applicable as the children had never lost their habitual residence in the United States during their two year ten month stay in Mexico.
Escaf v. Rodriquez, 200 F. Supp. 2d 603 (E.D. Va. 2002)
Return ordered; the retention was wrongful and none of the exceptions had been proved to the standard required under the Convention.
Silverman v. Silverman, 338 F.3d 886 (8th Cir. 2003)
Appeal allowed and return ordered; the children were habitually resident in Israel at the time of the retention and Article 13(1)(b) had not been proved to the standard required under the Convention.
Miller v. Miller, 240 F.3d 392 (4th Cir. 2001)
Appeal dismissed and return ordered; the removal was wrongful and the level of risk required under Article 13(1)(b) had not been proved.
Norden-Powers and Beveridge v. Beveridge, 125 F.Supp.2d 634 (E.D.N.Y.2000)
Return ordered; the removal was wrongful having been in breach of actually exercised rights of custody and none of the exceptions had been proved to the standard required under the Convention.
Silverman v. Silverman, 267 F.3d 788 (8th Cir. 2001)
Appeal allowed; case remitted to the District Court (federal jurisdiction) for a ruling to be made on the merits of the return application.
Toren v. Toren, 191 F.3d 23 (1st Cir. 1999)
Non return order confirmed, but on the basis that the return application be dismissed, no retention having taken place.
Delvoye v. Lee, 329 F.3d 330 (3rd Cir. 2003)
Appeal dismissed and application dismissed; the retention was not wrongful as the child had never acquired a habitual residence in Belgium.
Blondin v. Dubois, 189 F.3d 240 (2d Cir. 1999)
Appeal allowed and case remitted to the District Court to consider remedies that might allow both the return of the children to their habitual residence and their protection from harm pending a custody hearing in France.