
Secretary for Justice v. N., ex parte C.
Appeal dismissed and return ordered; Article 13(1)(b) had not been proved to the standard required under the Convention.

Appeal dismissed and return ordered; Article 13(1)(b) had not been proved to the standard required under the Convention.

Return refused; the removal was wrongful but the standard required under Article 13(2) had been made out with respect to the two older children, while

Return ordered; the removal was wrongful as it was in breach of the father’s rights of custody.

Appeal allowed and return ordered; the removal was wrongful and it was questionable whether the standard required under Article 13(1)(b) had been made out. In

Return ordered; although the children objected to a return there was evidence of external pressure and the court exercised its discretion to make a return

Appeal allowed on the basis that there had been a breach of custody rights and case remitted to the District Court for the making of

Challenge to legality dismissed; the standard of harm required under Article 13(1)(b) had not been met and the return was therefore ordered.

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Challenge to legality dismissed; the removal of the child was not wrongful as the rights possessed by the BJA did not amount to rights of